The association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and overweight in Brazilian adolescents: an analysis based on the grade of membership.

The aim of the current research is to analyze the coexistence of modifiable risk behaviors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in 12-to-17-year-old adolescents living in Brazil and their influence on overweight. National, cross-sectional, school-based epidemiological study focused on estimating the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome in 12 to 17 year old adolescents enrolled in public and private schools in Brazilian counties accounting for more than 100 thousand inhabitants. The grade of membership method was used to identify the coexistence of risk factors among adolescents. The analytical sample comprised 71,552 adolescents. According to the two herein generated profiles, adolescents classified under Profile 2 have shown behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and diet rich in Ultra-processed food intake ≥ 80% of the percentage of total caloric value. In addition, adolescents presenting CVD risk profile have shown increased likelihood of being overweight. The study has found coexistence of risk factors for CVD in Brazilian adolescents, with emphasis on tobacco smoking and alcoholic beverage intake. In addition, it heads towards the analysis of the association between CVD risk factors and health outcomes, such as overweight.

The association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and overweight in Brazilian adolescents: an analysis based on the grade of membership / A associação entre múltiplos fatores de risco cardiovascular e o excesso de peso em adolescentes brasileiros: uma análise baseada no grade of membership

Abstract The aim of the current research is to analyze the coexistence of modifiable risk behaviors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in 12-to-17-year-old adolescents living in Brazil and their influence on overweight. National, cross-sectional, school-based epidemiological study focused on estimating the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome in 12 to 17 year old adolescents enrolled in public and private schools in Brazilian counties accounting for more than 100 thousand inhabitants. The grade of membership method was used to identify the coexistence of risk factors among adolescents. The analytical sample comprised 71,552 adolescents. According to the two herein generated profiles, adolescents classified under Profile 2 have shown behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and diet rich in Ultra-processed food intake ≥ 80% of the percentage of total caloric value. In addition, adolescents presenting CVD risk profile have shown increased likelihood of being overweight. The study has found coexistence of risk factors for CVD in Brazilian adolescents, with emphasis on tobacco smoking and alcoholic beverage intake. In addition, it heads towards the analysis of the association between CVD risk factors and health outcomes, such as overweight.

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a coexistência de comportamentos de risco modificáveis para doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) em adolescentes de 12 a 17 anos residentes no Brasil e sua influência no excesso de peso. Estudo epidemiológico nacional, transversal, de base escolar, com foco em estimar a prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovascular e síndrome metabólica em adolescentes de 12 a 17 anos matriculados em escolas públicas e privadas de municípios brasileiros que somam mais de 100 mil habitantes. O grade of membership foi utilizado para identificar a coexistência de fatores de risco entre os adolescentes. A amostra analítica foi composta por 71.552 adolescentes. De acordo com os dois perfis gerados, os adolescentes classificados no Perfil 2 mostraram comportamentos como fumar, consumo de álcool e dieta rica em alimentos ultraprocessados ≥ 80% da porcentagem do valor calórico total. Além disso, adolescentes com perfil de risco para DCV mostraram maior probabilidade de apresentar excesso de peso. O estudo encontrou coexistência de fatores de risco para DCV em adolescentes brasileiros, com destaque para tabagismo e consumo de bebidas alcoólicas. Além disso, demonstra associação entre fatores de risco para DCV e desfechos de saúde, como o excesso de peso.

Os adolescentes, as escolas e os impasses: um recorte da clínica no Janela da Escuta / Adolescents, écoles et impasses: un extrait de la clinique dans le cadre du projet « Janela da Escuta ¼ (fenêtre d'écoute) / Adolescents, schools and impasses: a clipping from the clinic in project "Janela da Escuta"

Trata-se de um estudo sobre a construção interdisciplinar de casos clínicos de adolescentes atendidos no Janela da Escuta, projeto de extensão da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), encaminhados com queixas escolares. Pretendeu-se verificar os impasses gerados pelas demandas de encaminhamento dos adolescentes da escola para a saúde, o papel do atendimento a essas demandas e a postura dos adolescentes diante da experiência, fazendo um recorte da clínica do Janela da Escuta a partir da análise de dois casos. A metodologia utilizada no projeto se baseia na construção do caso clínico pela equipe interdisciplinar, além das conversações de orientação psicanalítica com os profissionais das escolas. Ao final, constatou-se a necessidade e a importância de se ofertar a esses adolescentes um espaço de escuta de suas verdadeiras demandas, onde, por meio do convite à fala, puderam se assumir como protagonistas de suas questões e se reposicionar frente à situação em que se encontravam, tornando possível o aparecimento de sua singularidade

Il s'agit d'une étude sur la construction interdisciplinaire de cas cliniques d'adolescents avec des problèmes scolaires reçus à Janela da Escuta, un projet d'extension de la Faculté de médecine de l'Université fédérale de Minas Gerais (UFMG). L'objectif de cette étude était de vérifier les impasses générées par les demandes d' envoi des adolescents de l'école aux services de santé, le rôle de celui-ci face à ces exigences et l'attitude des adolescents dans cette situation, en présentant un extrait de la clinique de Janela da Escuta en partant de l'analyse de deux cas. La méthode utilisée dans Janela da Escuta est basée sur la construction du cas clinique par l'équipe interdisciplinaire, et dans les conversations d'orientation psychanalytique avec les professionnels de l'école. En fin de compte, la nécessité et l'importance d'offrir à ces adolescents un espace pour écouter leurs vraies demandes, ont été vérifiées. L' invitation à parler leur permet de assumer le rôle principal dans la résolution de leurs questions et de changer de position face à la situation dans laquelle ils sont, rendant possible l'apparition de leur singularité

This is a study on the interdisciplinary construction of clinical cases of adolescents referred with school complaints seen at Janela da Escuta, an extension project of the Medical school of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG). Its purpose is to verify the impasses generated by the demands of referral of adolescents from school to the health services, the role of the project in facing these demands and the attitude of adolescents in this situation, by presenting an excerpt out of the Clinic of Janela da Escuta from the analysis of two cases. The methodology used in janela da Escuta is based on the construction of the clinical case by the interdisciplinary team, in addition to the psychoanalytic orientation conversations with the professionals of the schools. In the end, the need and importance of offering these adolescents a space to listen to their true demands was verified, and in this space, through the invitation to speak, they could assume themselves as protagonists of their questions and reposition themselves in the face of the situation in whichthey were, enabling the appearance of their singularity

The gap between knowledge on HIV/AIDS and sexual behavior: a study of teenagers in Vespasiano, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.

The aim of this study was to investigate gaps between knowledge on HIV/AIDS and sexual behavior among teenagers. The study used a cross-sectional design with a representative random sample of 1,158 teenagers (14 to 19 years of age) enrolled in nine public secondary schools and who answered validated questionnaires. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and tests of hypotheses (chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis, Kendall, and Fisher's exact test). The vast majority of the teenagers (98.7%) expressed doubt on at least one question. Condom use during first sexual intercourse was significantly associated with condom use in sexual relations in the previous six months. There was no statistical association between knowledge on HIV/AIDS and frequency of condom use or number of sexual partners. Health actions are needed that link schools to health services, in addition to not only elaborating appropriate information but also valorizing teenagers' individuality in the development of proposals.

The gap between knowledge on HIV/AIDS and sexual behavior: a study of teenagers in Vespasiano, Minas Gerais State, Brazil / A lacuna entre o conhecimento sobre HIV/AIDS e o comportamento sexual: uma investigação com adolescentes de Vespasiano, Minas Gerais, Brasil / La laguna entre el conocimiento sobre VIH/SIDA y el comportamiento sexual: una investigación con adolescentes de Vespasiano, Minas Gerais, Brasil

The aim of this study was to investigate gaps between knowledge on HIV/AIDS and sexual behavior among teenagers. The study used a cross-sectional design with a representative random sample of 1,158 teenagers (14 to 19 years of age) enrolled in nine public secondary schools and who answered validated questionnaires. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and tests of hypotheses (chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis, Kendall, and Fisher's exact test). The vast majority of the teenagers (98.7%) expressed doubt on at least one question. Condom use during first sexual intercourse was significantly associated with condom use in sexual relations in the previous six months. There was no statistical association between knowledge on HIV/AIDS and frequency of condom use or number of sexual partners. Health actions are needed that link schools to health services, in addition to not only elaborating appropriate information but also valorizing teenagers' individuality in the development of proposals.

O objetivo foi investigar as lacunas entre o conhecimento sobre o HIV/AIDS e o comportamento sexual em adolescentes do ensino médio. Delineamento transversal com amostra representativa e aleatória de 1.158 adolescentes entre 14 a 19 anos, matriculados em nove escolas públicas que responderam a questionários validados. A análise dos dados envolveu estatística descritiva e testes de hipóteses (qui-quadrado, Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis, Kendal e teste exato de Fisher). A maioria dos adolescentes (98,7%) apresentou dúvida em alguma questão proposta. O uso do preservativo na primeira relação sexual influenciou o uso nas relações dos últimos seis meses. Não houve associação estatística entre o conhecimento sobre HIV/AIDS com a frequência do uso de preservativo e a multiplicidade de parceiros sexuais. É necessário a implementação de ações em saúde que articulem a escola aos serviços de saúde e que além de trabalhar a informação, valorizem a individualidade dos adolescentes na construção das propostas.

El objetivo fue investigar las lagunas entre el conocimiento sobre el VIH/SIDA y el comportamiento sexual en adolescentes de enseñanza media. Delineación transversal con muestra representativa y aleatoria de 1.158 adolescentes entre 14 a 19 años, matriculados en nueve escuelas públicas que respondieron a cuestionarios validados. El análisis de los datos implicó estadística descriptiva y tests de hipótesis (chi-cuadrado, Mann-Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis, Kendal y test exacto de Fisher). La mayoría de los adolescentes (98,7%) presentó dudas en alguna cuestión propuesta. El uso del preservativo en la primera relación sexual influenció el uso en las relaciones de los últimos seis meses. No hubo asociación estadística entre el conocimiento sobre VIH/SIDA con la frecuencia del uso de preservativo y la multiplicidad de compañeros sexuales. Es necesaria la implementación de acciones en salud que articulen la escuela a los servicios de salud y que además de trabajar con la información, valoren la individualidad de los adolescentes en la construcción de las propuestas.

Saúde do adolescente

Este Módulo integra o Curso de Especialização em Estratégia Saúde da Família (2014), o qual é direcionado a médicos, enfermeiros e cirurgiões-dentistas e outros integrantes de equipes de Saúde da Família. O material aborda temas que buscam promover ao aluno a compreensão do conceito e as peculiaridades da adolescência e o conhecimento do cenário atual da saúde do adolescente no Brasil, bem como seus desafios, para, assim, saber conduzir o atendimento e acompanhamento de saúde do adolescente na Unidade Básica de Saúde, contemplando os aspectos biológicos, emocionais e sociais, para que seja possível elaborar estratégias para criar e fortalecer o vínculo do adolescente com a equipe de saúde.